The built environment we inhabit can be hostile, both on an individual architectural scale and in a wider urban context. Homeless people, for instance, are dissuaded from resting on public benches by the menacing presence of spikes and other forms of exclusionary design. From a global lens, we see the impact that borders have amidst anti-immigration hostility, imposingly exemplified by the Melilla border fence on the Morocco-Spain border. This ?hostility? can be found in a large number of settlements around the world, settlements that have been formed as a result of organic migration or settlements predicated on control ? like company towns.

Power Houses - Fordlùndia. Image © Dan Dubowitz
The built environment we inhabit can be hostile, both on an individual architectural scale and in a wider urban context. Homeless people, for instance, are dissuaded from resting on public benches by the menacing presence of spikes and other forms of exclusionary design. From a global lens, we see the impact that borders have amidst anti-immigration hostility, imposingly exemplified by the Melilla border fence on the Morocco-Spain border. This ?hostility? can be found in a large number of settlements around the world, settlements that have been formed as a result of organic migration or settlements predicated on control ? like company towns.
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