Pile cup is used as a foundation for many buildings. These piles can easily reach a length of over 15 m and are usually at distances of 1 to 4 m. If there is a possibility, these piles can go into the soil at the positions of walls and columns. Unfortunately, the structural designer is not always free to make a choice, because piles of a previous building may be also present. 
Old piles removing is not always the best solution, since they leave holes in deep clay layers through which saline groundwater may penetrate to the upper soil. Reusing the old piles is also not a good option either, because their quality cannot be guaranteed. These restrictions often result in irregular pile patterns, which makes calculation of pile caps by hand difficult if not impossible. Read more about this in the links bellow.  Source.
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